246 ExpertiseVehicles 116 (2018) Heft 7 Promotion of alternative drives and energy sources in road freight transport The limited shifting potential and the simultaneously predicted strong growth in road freight transport make it indispensable to promote alternative propulsion systems and energy carriers in road freight transport more strongly. In the long term, the use of alternative systems (e. g. electric road systems, PtX fuels) is attributed to a very large greenhouse gas reduction potential in road freight transport. In any case, the market ramp-up of alternative technologies must be prepared in good time and additional incentives must be created. This is even more important as alternative entry-level technologies will incur higher costs than systems established on the market. Increasing efficiency in road freight transport The established technologies in trucks still offer considerable potential for improvement, which must be exploited as part of adaptations to European and country-specific legislation. Incentives such as taxincentives, scrapping bonus or special rights can further fuel the switch to more efficient vehicles. Logistics companies and providers of transport services should be helped to improve modal and intermodal operational efficiency by improving and digitizing operations and logistic chains. Increasing efficiency in rail freight transport Even more than in road transport, efforts should be made to fully connect public authorities, companies, vehicles, loading units and infrastructure in rail freight transport. Networking is the foundation of reliable and effective operation. The technical and operational interoperability of systems and processes in rail transport will continue to be of paramount importance in the future. Use potentials of the expansion of renewable energies According to the forecasts of the eight markets examined, renewable energies are replacing conventional energies as the largest source of energy in the medium term. The path already outlined in the forecasts should also be advanced in order to create the necessary conditions for electrified freight traffic. This is essential from two perspectives. On the one hand, electricity mix positively influences the direct GHG emissions of transport. On the other hand, the indirect upstream emissions of comparatively energy-intensively produced alternative fuels can be significantly reduced. 6 Synthesis Freight transport in Europe has experienced strong growth in recent decades. This trend will continue in the future according to traffic forecasts. Most goods today are transported using fossil fuels and their transport is thus directly linked to greenhouse gas emissions. This relationship presents a major challenge for achieving the climate protection goals set in the European transport sector. A necessary decoupling of growing traffic and increasing energy demand together with additional energy efficiency improvements can be achieved by combining the energy and transport transitions. However, in order to successfully shape the transformation and thus achieve the goals the necessary framework conditions must be created. It requires timely and targeted political strategies. According to a research of the strategies in the eight most important freight transport markets of Europe, at present only few goals are set for goods traffic. The governments of the member states are closely binding themselves to the specifications of the European Commission when formulating the strategies. Although the number of measures proclaimed in freight transport is large, their implementation and binding character must be empowered. However, both the EU Commission and the majority of the countries surveyed emphasize that efforts should be intensified in the coming years by means of binding action plans. The potentials and technologies available for the decarbonization of freight transport are present according to the analysis and could, on the whole, have great impact. The increased shift of transport to rail and the promotion of promising technologies in road transport could save large amounts of greenhouse gases. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of rail freight transport and the promotion of alternative propulsion systems, several effective measures are available that now need to be implemented. First and foremost, the large freight markets have an important role to play in their implementation. They have the best prerequisites to initiate a transformation of freight traffic. On the one hand, the increase in freight transport ªis forecastedto be lower than in economically weaker countries. On the other hand, wealthy countries have the resources they need to make the transformation-related efforts possible. In addition, the transformation of the energy sector towards renewable energies is already advanced and the expansion will continue in the future. In order to create a b Probeheft zur Ansicht
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